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XX"0?vvbX0#ggdd  8 #g dXXd8ISUK,. @       5  k  ݀Sj_m.a._Ԁyfirlit_Economist_aprl1995oggreinarAmerican_Economic_Ԁ_Review_,ma1995. _ =lUKUS.,T@RW<6&A4X3' Letter 6&A43'TX"XXXT@RW<6&A4W<6&A4 6&A4 6&A4T@@ ? XX"0?vvbX0#ggdd  8 #g dXXd8ISUK,. @       6  k  ݀Bls.57,OECDEmploymentOutlook. _ =(3UKUS.,T@RV6&A4X3' Letter6&A43'T+XvXXXT@RV6&A4V6&A46&A46&A4T@@ ? +XXv0?vvbX0#ggdd  8,I dd8ISUK., @       4  +ɪ  ݀_Brown_,C.,_Gilroy_,C.og_Cohen_,A.(1982),?The_Effect_Ԁofthe_Minimum_Ԁ_Wage_Ԁ_on_Ԁ_Employment_Ԁ_and_  _Unemployment_ ,_Journal_Ԁof_Economic_Ԁ_Literature_,jn,_bls_.487!528.ABCDxCEIMQUY]aAutoList122222222i)1)a) gEu{}a. 1. a.T?luliWur undir stafliWa.1.a.1)a)(  Z6Times New Roman Regular4cp Z "Times Regular _ =lUKUS.,T@RW<6&A4X3' Letter 6&A43'TX"XXXT@RW<6&A4W<6&A4 6&A4 6&A4T@@ ? XX"0?vvbX0#ggdd  8 #g dXXd8ISUK,. @       4  k  ݀_Brown_,C.,_Gilroy_,C.og_Cohen_,A.(1982),?The_Effect_Ԁofthe_Minimum_Ԁ_Wage_Ԁ_on_Ԁ_Employment_Ԁ_and_  _Unemployment_ ,_Journal_Ԁof_Economic_Ԁ_Literature_,jn,_bls_.487!528. 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"   Hjlparstarfhefursfelltaukistinnanlandsvegnabgsstands.SamkvmtupplUsingum # hjlparstofnanaogUmissalknaraWilahafaYsundireinstaklinganotiWmatargjafaskumf  $ tktar.FlagslegaWstoWsveitarflagahefuraukistsvosWusturaWYeimermrgumum !W% megnaWsinnaYeimskyldumsnum. J""&  LgframleiWniogf;lksfl;tti.  #(   AlYj;WlegursamanburWursUniraWlaun0slandieruberandilgrienhelstuviWmiWun $ ) arlndumokkar.EinaWalstWaYessaeraWframleiWnislenskrafyrirtkjaermunlgrien v%N!* YekkistannarsstaWar.XannigersamkeppnisstaWa0slandsmjgllegalYj;Wlegumsaman A&"+ burWi.FramleiWnihverjavinnustund0slandiermeWYvlgstasemYekkistEvr;pu.0  '", samanburWilandsframleiWsluvinnustund24OECD-rkjumer0sland20.sti. '#- \< \] \    Xettahefurleitttilf;lksfl;ttafrlandinu.0slendingumfjlgaWi50%meiraDanmrku ( en0slandiriW1995.Allsfluttu1.060hWantilDanmerkurriW1994.0slendingumfjlgaWi  um30%Noregiogum60%GrnlandiriW1995.Allsvoru20.8000slendingarbsettir  erlendisogfjlgaWiYeimum10%frrinu1994til1995.TilsamanburWarmgetaYessaW a samkvmtupplUsingumHagstofu0slandsvoru22.4250slendingarbsettirerlendis1. T, desember1996enYaWYUWiraW0slendingumerlendisfjlgaWiumtplega9,5%rinu1996.  YessuhefursembeturferorWiWbreytingsWustutveimurrumkjlfaraukinshagvaxtar  slenskuYj;WflagisemrekjamtilaWgerWaverkalUWshreyfingarinnar.FjlgunaWfluttra   m;tibrottfluttumnemur800mannssWastarisemerkveWinnmlikvarWistWumla.  X   XegarborinerusamanlaunoglfskjrverWurvitaskuldaWtakatillittilmargraYtta,svo K #  semb;takerfis,skattkerfis,hsnWiskerfis,vaxta,matvruverWs,heilbrigWiskerfisoggjalda    fyriropinberaYj;nustu.      0slenskuYj;WflagihefurlengitWkastaWvinnalanganvinnudag.ShefWmarkastafein   hfuatvinnulfiumaldirYarsemunniWvarskorpumbWitilsjvarogsveita.Xessivinnu wO  mtihefurbreystsWusturatugieftirYvsemslenskthagkerfihefurfrstnrYvsemgerist B  ngrannalndunumogUmisskonarYj;nustustrfskiptasfelltmeiramli.NUjarvinnutma    reglurEvr;pskaefnahagssvWinuleyfaekkilengursvolanganvinnutma.     Lgtaxtalaunhrlandieruefnahagslegtvandaml.XauleiWatilYessaWUmsirsemeru {  Yessumlaunumeigavartfyrirmat,hvaWYaWYeirgetinUttsrYYj;nustusemeWlilegt nF eraWveittsntmaYj;Wflagi.JafnframtverWurYettatilYessaWUmsarstarfsstttirfviW 9 bturviWlaunsemekkiersamiWumkjarasamningum.Xettaskaparverulegt;ryggifyrir  launaf;lklandinuoghefur,meWWru,stuWlaWaWYvaWlaunajafnrttierekkieinsogskyldi.  XaWaWlgstutaxtarskuliverasvipaWiroglgmarksframfrslaer;svinna.Hrerumargir r byrgir. e=   TmakaupdnskumiWnaWiriW1994var97%hrraenslenskum.EkkierunUjartlur 0 fyrirliggjandienvitnaWertilskUrsluforstisrWherravarWandisamanburW.Tekjurhj;na  DanmrkuriW1993voruum39%hrrien0slandi.DanskurbyggingaverkamaWurhefur  um28%hrrirWstfunartekjurenslenskur.Xessartlur,semkomuframskUrsluforstis i rWherraumlaunoglfskjr0slandi,DanmrkuogvWar,segjaallasguna. \4  Skattaroglglaun.     0YessumsamanburWiviWDanmrkuberaWhafahugaaWbyrWibeinnaskattaerminnihr  enDanmrku.MeWalheimiliDanmrkugreiWir38%teknasinnatekju-ogeignarskatten `  meWalheimili0slandi21%.JaWarskattareruhrriDanmrkuen0slandienYykirY; S+! mrgumn;gumYhrlendis. "   HinsvegarerathyglisvertaWskattleysismrkhrlandivoru57.000kr.mnuWiYegar # samanburWurvargerWurenDanmrkueruenginskattleysismrk.Skattleysismrk0slandi  $ erun60.848kr.XaWerumhugsunarverthvortskattleysismrkhrlandi,semvissulega !W% eruekkih,hafikomiWvegfyrirhkkuntaxtalaunaundanfarinr.Efgreiddurvriskattur J""& afllumtekjum,eftilvill10 15%skatturaflgstutekjum,erekki;sennilegtaWYaWhefWi #' leitttilhrritaxtalaunakjarasamningumsWustur.UmrWuvantarumYennanYttmla #( hrlendis.JaWarskattarkomaharWastniWurtekjulgstaf;lkinu0slandienleggjastjafnt $ ) allatekjuh;paDanmrku.AfYeimskumerfullstWatilaWendurskoWaskattaog v%N!* launakerfin0slandisamhengiviWkvrWunlgmarkslauna. A&"+   &  0alYj;WlegumsamanburWikemurskUrtframaW;beinirskattarhrerumunhrriener  '", lendis.' '*XerverWmatvlummunhrrahrenngrannalndunumogleiWirYaWhugann '#- aWYvaWlnguertmabrtaWendurskoWastefnustj;rnvaldaYvefni.EndurbturYv ( sviWivrueinmestakjarab;tfyrirlglaunaf;lksemumgetur.    & a ViWgerWkjarasamningaundanfarinrhefurverkalUWshreyfinginofttalaWumaWnvri  kominntmitilaWhkkalgstulaunin.ViWurkennaberaWrangurhefurnWstY;ttlgstu a umsaminlaun,70.000kr.,suneWanftktarmarkaaWmatiflagsfrWinga.'a',ԀverWb;lgutm T, anumvareinnaalgengastaWsamiWvriumkauphkkunsemttiaWleiWrttalgstulaunin.  XvarreiknuWtpr;sentuhkkunYeirrarlaunahkkunaroghngekkgegnumalltkerfiW.  Lglaunaf;lkst;WYannigeftirsmusporumogWurogverWb;lganeyddihrifumhag   stWrakjarasamningarskmmumtma.  X   ViWgerWkjarasamningasWarirhefurreynsteinnabestaWsemjaumeingreiWslurtilaW K #  hkkalgstulaun.SaWferWvirWisthafagefistnokkuWvelundanfrnumkjarasamningum.    XrttfyrirYaWerulgstutaxtalauninsvolgaWYaWergjrsamlega;verjandifyrirYj;Wflag    iW.EkkimgleymaYvaWfjlmargirfgreittsamkvmtYessumtxtumogmYarnefna   ;faglrtstarfsf;lk,ekkihvaWsstvegumhinsopinbera.Xettalaunaf;lkhefurekkitkifri wO  tilaWbtasrupplglaunmeWmikillivinnueWakaupaukakerfi.XaWlifirsrriftktog B  frrakostavl.     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RkinfyrirYessueruauglj;s.Hkkunlgstulauna112.000kr.mnuWimunaukavelferW i YeirraftkustuslenskuYj;Wflagi,jafnalaunogbtaafkomumargraeinstaklinga.XaW \4 erenginstWatilaWtlaaWlagasetningafYessumtogamunikalla;WaverWb;lgu,allra ' sstefaWilarvinnumarkaWarinssetjastnniWuralvrutilaWsemjaumhkkunlgstutaxta  launaeinsogYeirhafamargofttalaWumundanfarinr.    AWmatiflutningsmannamundilagasetningafYessumtogaknUjasamningsaWilatilaW `  finnaleiWirtilaWunntsaWlifamannsmandilfiafdagvinnulaunum. S+!  & , Lgbindinglgmarkslauna.  #   LaunaumrWaverWuraWveraalYj;Wlegusamhengi.0slenskarvrureruvitaskuldsam  $ keppniviWerlendar,hvortsemumeraWrWatflutningsvrurokkareWavrursemkeppa !W% ',:viWinnflutning.ViWverWumaWstandastYessaalYj;Wlegusamkeppniogokkurhefurfyrstog J""& fremsttekistYaWmeWlngumvinnudegi.Lggjfumlgmarkslaunertilerlendis,t.d. #' AmerkuogFrakklandi.XessmgetaaWnokkurumrWaumlgmarkslaunvarBandarkjun #( umaWdragandaaWforsetakosningunumriW1996.EittafhfuWstefnuatriWumrkisstj;rnar $ ) TonysBlairseraWsetjalgumlgmarkslaunogaWskilgreinaYarfireinstaklingaogfjl v%N!* skyldnatilframfrslusinnar. A&"+   HgteraWsUnaframaWsulgmarkslaunkveWinofhgetiYaWleitttilYessaWYaW  '", dragirvinnuviWkomandihagkerfi.Xettaeruhelsturkgegnlgbindingulgmarkslauna. '#- AWmatiflutningsmannaeigaYauekkiviWnverandiaWstWurhrlendis.Xaulgmarkslaun ( semgerterrWfyrirYessufrumvarpieruekkihogatvinnulfiWauWveldlegaaWgetarWiW  viWYaumeWaukinniframleiWni.AtvinnustandhrlandiereinnigaWmrguleytimun  betraenngrannalndunum.AWskapaumhverfifyrirsrhfWstrf,hlaunastrf,ervita a skuldhWmrgumYttum,m.a.menntakerfiogYvsemvariWerranns;knirogYr;unarstarf T, innanogutanfyrirtkja.YessusviWierstefnarkisstj;rnarinnarmjgreiki.Ekkihefur  veriWunniWn;ghrlendismenntamlumogranns;knumundanfarnaratugi.    0slendingarverWaaWgerauppviWsighvorthreigiaWverWalglaunasvWieinsogallt   stefniroglandsmennverWiaWvinnalanganvinnudagtilaWhaldauppisambrilegumlfs  X kjrumogngrannalndunumeWahvortYr;aeigihagkerfiWtttilsrhfWrastarfasem K #  erubeturlaunuW.FlutningsmennefastekkiumaWsWarileiWinergfurkarifyrirlandog    Yj;W.     LokaorW.  wO    XaWerliWintWaWhgtsaWtlasttilYessaf0slendingumaWYeirvinnialltaW30%lengri B  vinnudagenkollegarYeirraerlendistilYesseinsaWnsambrilegumlaunum.XaWmunekki    aukaframleiWnislenskrafyrirtkjaefYaueigaauknummliaWbyggja;dUruvinnuafli.   ViWverWumaWsnaafYessaribrautYvaWannarsverWur0slandframlglaunaland. {    FrumvarpYettaerliWurYeirristefnumrkunjafnaWarmannaaWskapahrmannsmandi nF umhverfifyrirlaunaf;lkogstuWlajafnframtaWheilbrigWuogYr;ttmikluefnahagslfi.Ef 9 YessileiWerekkifarinogtaxtalauninltineigasigeinaferWinaennnstukjarasamningum  munsfelltstrrih;purlaunamannasitjaeftirmeWlgmarkstaxtaogeigasrekkiviWreisnar  von.ViWmegumekkiltamlYr;astYannveg. r   e=  FylgiskjalI. ( mAd.) dE?$ A^m   VerslunarmannaflagReykjavkur, T, EddaR;sKarlsd;ttirhagfrWingur:    Launverslunar-ogskrifstofuf;lks   0slandiogDanmrku.   X (Febrar1996.)    (18sWurmyndaWar)    J  9  FylgiskjalII. ( mAd.) d E?$ A^m   EddaR;sKarlsd;ttirhagfrWingur: a   SamanburWurtekjumverkaf;lks0slandiogDanmrku.   UnniWfyrir18.YingVerkamannasambands0slands.  (Okt;ber1995.)   (12sWurmyndaWar.)    L  B  # K ` FylgiskjalIII. ( mAd.) 5dE?$ 5A^m       Xj;Whagsstofnun: a O MinnisblaWumlgmarkslaun.   (10.desember1998.)      MeWalhelstueinkennaefnahagsYr;unarVesturlndumundanfrnumratugeWatveim  X urerumikiWatvinnuleysiogaukinn;jfnuWurtekjudreifingumrgumlandanna.XessiYr; K #  unhefurbeintsj;numstj;rnmlamannaogfrWimannaaWlgmarkslaunumoghlutverki    Yeirra.      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ViWfyrstusUnkanneinkaupadmiWaWvirWasthreinundantekning.SvoYarfY;ekkiaW  vera,YvfyrirtkigetahaftumtalsverWhriflaunineinstkummrkuWumoggagnvart `  starfsf;lkisnu.AlmennthallasthagfrWingarY;fremuraWYvaWlkansembyggistfull S+! kominnisamkeppnisraunsnnlUsingvinnumarkaWinum,einkumertillengdarltur. " Xegarhorftertil0slandsoglaunamyndunarhrlandimbtaviWrkumgegnhkkunlg # markslauna.  $ "A0J"  A0J> 223  Ԉ0    HkkunlgmarkslaunaleiWirtillaunaskriWslangtuppeftirlaunakerfinuogYegartil !W% lengdarlturbreytastlaunahlutfllekki.A0J>k݌J""& Ќ  ! !  XegarYettageristkomahrifinfremurframalmennumlaunahkkunumogleiWahugsan #' legatilverWb;lgunYessaWatvinnadragistsaman.XessihefurYvmiWurveriWreynslanhr #( landiafhkkunlgmarkslaunameWkjarasamningumumliWnumratugum.X;ttlauna $ ) dreifingsUniaWfirtakilgmarkslaun,vegnaallskonaryfirborgana,hefurhlutiaflauna v%N!* kjrummunfleirilaunYegaveriWtengdurlgstutxtunum. A&"+    '",  NiWu& ,  rstWurranns;kna.  (   I.hrifatvinnu.      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